Grossman, Nir, et al. “Noninvasive Deep Brain Stimulation via Temporally Interfering Electric Fields.” Cell, vol. 169, no. 6, June 2017, pp. 1029-1041.e16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.024
▶️ Brain stimulation and entrainment using field interference
Combining a field of 2010 Hz and another of 2000 Hz resulted in an interference field of 10 Hz, which could recruit neurons to fire at 10 Hz, as efficaciously as direct 10 Hz stimulation.
▶️ Therapeutic applications using beam steering to access specifically any deep area of the brain
If the two fields are combined to interfere in a deep structure such as the hippocampus, they will only entrain those neurons.
If you lower the intensity of the one field, the combined field will change direction as if it was literally being steered
Alteration of brain function with interferential electric fields - Steerably probing functionality of different brain areas
Selected excerpts:
"(...) If two such electric fields are applied (...) oscillates at the difference frequency."
"We found that interferential stimulation (...) (Miranda et al., 2013)."
"If the amplitude of the envelope modulation (...) in vivo."
"We demonstrate the ability of temporal interference (...) electrodes."
If the structural features of the neurons allow them to follow a specific frequency, then they will: they will be entrained by that frequency. What frequency would that be? Lower than 1000 Hz (1 kHz)?
As mentioned in this article, the neural membrane has an intrinsic low-pass filtering. For instance, that prevents "neural electrical activity from following very high-frequency oscillating (e.g., ≥ 1 kHz) electric fields."